June marks the beginning of high summer in the warm-winter zones, and gardening strategies shift accordingly. In the hottest areas, this is less a planting month than a month of maintaining what is already in the ground, protecting plants from heat stress, and keeping the soil covered. Heat-tolerant crops like okra, sweet potatoes, cowpeas, and yard-long beans thrive now, while most cool-season crops are long finished. In frost-free areas with reliable summer rainfall — particularly Florida and Hawaii — tropical crops come into their own this month. Looking ahead: fall is the prime growing season in these zones, and the cool-season garden kicks back into gear in August and September. No seeds to start yet, but a good time to think through what you want to grow.

Indoors (fresh harvests):

• Microgreens: peas, broccoli, sunflowers, arugula
• Sprouts: alfalfa, broccoli, radish, mung
• Herbs & greens under lights: chives, parsley, mint

Crops that can be directly sown outdoors in June: okra, cowpeas, yard-long beans, Malabar spinach, sweet potato slips, sunn hemp. In Florida and Hawaii, this is also a good month for tropical crops — ginger, turmeric, lemongrass, and taro can all go in as the rainy season begins.

Cover crops: sunn hemp, cowpeas, sorghum-sudangrass — keeping soil covered is especially important now as heat and (in Florida/Southeast) heavy rains arrive.

Note: In the hottest and driest areas — the low desert Southwest and inland Southern California — June can be genuinely difficult for planting. Keeping existing plants alive and soil covered is the priority. Wait for monsoon moisture before pushing new plantings.

Tip: A Southern California zone 10 can be different from a Florida zone 10. Consider checking with your state Extension Service office for more specific recommendations and guidelines.

Use your USDA zone as a guide. Microclimates matter—coastal/urban spots run warmer; high elevation runs colder.