October carries September's momentum forward in mild-winter zones. The brassicas, greens, and alliums started indoors last month are hardening off and moving outside in waves throughout October, and there is still a narrow window for one last direct-sown crop before that door closes too.
Indoors (fresh harvests):
- Microgreens: peas, broccoli, sunflowers, arugula
- Sprouts: alfalfa, broccoli, radish, mung
- Herbs & greens under lights: chives, parsley, mint
Transplants to move outdoors (harden first): Broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, kale, kohlrabi, pak choi, lettuce, Swiss chard, arugula, Asian greens, alyssum, leek, and pansy/viola are all coming off their indoor starts and moving out this month — stagger plantings where you can for a steadier harvest later.
Short-day onion transplants: Onions transplanted in September are settling in. Keep them consistently watered through establishment — they have a long season ahead of them.
Crops that can be directly sown outdoors in October: Radish is the last reliable direct-sow crop. Sow in the first few days of the month before the window closes for the season.
Cover crops: Crimson clover, field peas, or oats are good choices for any beds finishing up production this month.
Tip: An Olympia, WA zone 8 is very different from a Jackson, MS zone 8. Consider checking with your state Extension Service office for more specific recommendations and guidelines.
Use your USDA zone as a guide. Microclimates matter; coastal/urban spots run warmer; high-elevation spots run colder.
