October is the height of fall planting in warm-winter zones. Direct sowing is wide open for greens, roots, and alliums, while brassica and onion transplants started in August and September continue to move outside throughout the month. This is the busiest planting stretch of the fall-and-winter growing season, defining gardening here.

Indoors (fresh harvests):

• Microgreens: peas, broccoli, sunflowers, arugula
• Sprouts: alfalfa, broccoli, radish, mung
• Herbs & greens under lights: chives, parsley, mint

Transplants to move outdoors (harden first): Short-day onion transplants started in August are going in this month. Brussels sprouts, cabbage, leek, parsley, broccoli, cauliflower, bunching onion, and collards started in September are also ready to harden off and move outside as conditions allow.

Crops that can be directly sown outdoors in October:  Beet, calendula, kale, Swiss chard, alyssum, cilantro, corn salad, dill, kohlrabi, lettuce, pak choi, turnip, arugula, Asian greens, and mustard can all be planted this month. For spinach and carrots, pre-germinate in a cool spot early in the month if the soil is still warm.

Cover crops: Sunn hemp and cowpeas are still viable early in the month; transition to crimson clover, field peas, or oats as temperatures continue to cool.

Tip: A Southern California zone 10 can be very different from a Florida zone 10. Consider checking with your state Extension Service office for more specific recommendations and guidelines.

Use your USDA zone as a guide. Microclimates matter; coastal/urban spots run warmer; high-elevation spots run colder.